![]() ![]() European domino sets contain neither class distinctions nor the duplicates that went with them. The game changed somewhat in the translation from Chinese to the European culture. The early 18th century witnessed dominoes making their way to Europe, making their first appearance in Italy. Chinese dominoes are also longer than typical European dominoes. Chinese sets also introduce duplicates of some throws and divide the dominoes into two classes: military and civil. One half of each domino is set with the pips from one die and the other half contains the pips from the second die. Each domino originally represented one of the 21 results of throwing two 6-sided dice (2d6). Many different domino sets have been used for centuries in various parts of the world to play a variety of domino games. Chinese dominoes with blank faces were known during the 17th century. The thirty-two-piece Chinese domino set, made to represent each possible face of two thrown dice and thus have no blank faces, differs from the twenty-eight-piece domino set found in the West during the mid 18th century. Traditional Chinese domino games include Tien Gow, Pai Gow, Che Deng, and others. In the Encyclopedia of a Myriad of Treasures, Zhang Pu (1602–1641) described the game of laying out dominoes as pupai, although the character for puhad changed, yet retained the same pronunciation. But some Chinese scholars believe this manual is a forgery from a later time. The earliest known manual written about dominoes is the 《宣和牌譜》 (Manual of the Xuanhe Period) written by Qu You (1341–1437). Andrew Lo asserts that Zhou Mi meant dominoes when referring to pupai, since the Ming author Lu Rong(1436–1494) explicitly defined pupai as dominoes (in regards to a story of a suitor who won a maiden's hand by drawing out four winning pupai from a set). the capital Hangzhou) written by the Yuan Dynasty (1271–1368) author Zhou Mi (1232–1298), who listed " pupai" (gambling plaques or dominoes) as well as dice as items sold by peddlers during the reign ofEmperor Xiaozong of Song (r. The oldest confirmed written mention of dominoes in China comes from the Former Events in Wulin (i.e. Dominoes first appeared in Italy during the 18th century, and although it is unknown how Chinese dominoes developed into the modern game, it is speculated that Italian missionaries in China may have brought the game to Europe. The earliest mention of dominoes is from Song dynasty China, found in the text Former Events in Wulin. A domino set is a generic gaming device, similar to playing cards or dice, in that a variety of games can be played with a set. The backs of the dominoes in a set are indistinguishable, either blank or having some common design. Each end is marked with a number of spots (also called pips, nips, or dobs) or is blank. Each domino is a rectangular tile with a line dividing its face into two square ends. The traditional Sino-European domino set consists of 28 dominoes, colloquially nicknamed bones, cards, tiles, tickets, stones, or spinners. The domino gaming pieces make up a domino set, sometimes called a deck or pack. Publishers use these marks when books are returned to them.Dominoes (or dominos) is a game played with rectangular "domino" tiles. Remainder Mark - A remainder mark is usually a small black line or dot written with a felt tip pen or Sharpie on the top, bottom, side page edges and sometimes on the UPC symbol on the back of the book.If excessively worn, they will be marked as "tray worn." Flat trays for SPI games are not graded, and have the usual problems.If excessively worn, they will be marked as "card worn." The cardboard backing of miniature packs is not graded.In most cases, boxed games and box sets do not come with dice.Due to the nature of loose counters, if a game is unplayable it may be returned for a refund of the purchase price. Boardgame counters are punched, unless noted.Major defects and/or missing components are noted separately.Example, EX+ is an item between Excellent and Near Mint condition. A "plus" sign indicates that an item is close to the next highest condition. ![]() When only one condition is listed, then the box and contents are in the same condition. Boxed items are listed as "code/code" where the first code represents the box, and the second code describes the contents. ![]()
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